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Organization X
The Organization ''X'' ((ギリシア語:Οργάνωσις Χ), commonly referred to simply as ''X'' ("Chi" in Greek), and members as Χίτες, ''Chites'') was a notorious paramilitary militia of the extreme right set up during the Axis occupation of Greece, in June 1941. Initially, the group's name was ''Grivas Military Organization'' (Greek: Στρατιωτική Οργάνωσις Γρίβα) and in March 1943 it was renamed, adopting George's II royal monogram of two crossed gammas which resembled the Greek alphabet chi (X). ''X'' was heavily involved in the persecution of non-monarchists during and after the occupation and considered communism to be its principal or even sole enemy.
==Foundation and activities during the Occupation==
Founder and leader of ''X'' was Colonel Georgios Grivas, a Greek Cypriot by birth, who later acquired fame as leader of the underground EOKA movement in Cyprus. Grivas concentrated his efforts in the wealthy districts of Athens and expanded ''X'' to between 2,000 and 3,000 men in 1944. He recruited his men and arms from officers who were retained on the active list by the quisling government.〔John Louis Hondros, Occupation & Resistance: the Greek Agony (New York: Pella, 1983), p. 142〕
''X'' was pure anti-communist and its resistance action included spying for the Allies, minor anti-German actions and transport to the Middle East. But its relations to the occupying power were ambivalent. The organisation was tolerated and possibly armed by the Germans, and even before the German departure fortified a base near the ancient temple of Thiseion. Towards the end of the Occupation, ''X'' received arms from British sources with which its members fought in the ''Dekemvriana'' clashes of December 1944.〔, Heinz Richter, British Intervention in Greece (London: Merlin Press, 1985) p. 167; David Close, The Origins of the Greek Civil War (London: Longman, 1995), p. 114; Neni Panourgia, Dangerous Citizens New York: Fordham University Press, 2009), p. 58-9.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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